So,I kinda overdid it with the Bounties and just made it to level 20 before the Moon strike. Given what little I have read about it (and the fact I am sticking to my guns, literally, with the Khvostov as primary until the end of the story), does it unlock anything if you complete it?

It is pretty much the same as the Devil's Lair strike, main plot-wise. You invade an enemy stronghold and defeat a boss that would otherwise be quite a nuisance to the City. A few implied tidbits into the lore make it a bit more interesting than the first strike, but I'm admittedly not very far into the campaign, so maybe my theories are bust.

Strikes don't generally unlock any missions after. They're basically the last thing to do on a planet.

(and the fact I am sticking to my guns, literally, with the Khvostov as primary until the end of the story)

I'm impressed. That should be an achievement. If you're that loyal to your rifle, then you need to give it a name. A girl's name, of course.

I don't really think any of the Strikes have any relation to the plot. They are more like extended Patrol missions.

Just like story missions. ;)

(For real though, strikes are pretty much a tiny dash of lore and zero plot.)